mem_sato
Root IDL procedure:
$SSW_HESSI/idl/image/hsi_mem_sato.pro
Method of Execution:
IDL> o=hsi_image()
IDL> o->set,image_alg='mem_sato'
IDL> image_mem_sato=o->getdata()
image_mem_sato will contain a two-dimensional array of the
reconstructed cartesian (rectangular) image with image dimensions, pixel sizes,
and location specified inside the image object.
References
Sato, Kosugi, and Makishima 1999 PASJ, 51, 127, Improvement
of YOHKOH Hard X-Ray Imaging
Maximum Entropy Method - Jim McTiernan (16-Oct-1999)
Comparison of HXT Fortran & IDL routines - Jim McTiernan (25 June 1998)
Description
MEM_sato is a maximum entropy reconstruction of an image that
works directly with counts (from the calibrated event list). The algorithm fits
the distribution of brightness in the image and the total image brightness (btot)
separately. It is based on the Yohkoh Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT) reconstruction
algorithm developed by Jun Sato.
Requirements or Limitations
If the time interval and energy range are such that the counts
are only a few per time bin for any detector then chi squared for the best fit
may not be 1. Over-fitting of the noise on the counts can result from this and so
give a broken-up image.
Currently, χ2 is used
instead of the
Cash Statistic when the number of counts in a time bin is very
low and the Poisson probability distribution no longer approximates to a
Gaussian.
User Controlled Parameters
All mem_sato control parameters are prefixed by sato_ and have
a similar meaning to those of mem_vis, prefixed by vis_. However, the absolute
value of the parameters may have a different effect. A full listing is
given in the
GUI Guide. The principal parameters are as follows:
Parameter |
Function |
Default |
sato_lnorm |
Controls the initial strength of the entropy
constraint - the value of lambda. A small value corresponds to a strong smoothness
constraint, and a large value corresponds to a weak constraint. A large
value allows for fast reconstruction of an image containing point sources, but
will result in very poor broken up images if the sources are extended. |
0.1 |
sato_lambda_max |
During image reconstruction, each lambda
iteration corresponds to a weakening of the smoothness constraint, allowing
a better fit (smaller χ2) to
the data. This parameter sets the maximum value that the lambda iteration
can reach at which point mem_sato will exit and return the last image. Note
that the lambda iteration step is not fixed, it accelerates as the image
reconstruction progresses. |
20 |
sato_iter_max |
Maximum number of iterations before procedure stops. |
30 |
sato_chi_limit |
Sets the χ2
at which the image reconstruction will cease. |
1.1 |
sato_no_chi2 |
If set to 1, mem_sato iterates to
sato_lambda_max, and ignores sato_chi_limit. |
0 |
Note: mem_sato may terminate before either the chi_limit or
lambda_max is reached if χ2
increases or persistently decreases too slowly.
Other parameters
None
Run-time Plots and Messages
mem_sato opens a plot window containing the reconstructed
image at the end of the most recent lambda iteration. The image is cartesian
(rectangular) with its center at the xy-offset from Sun-center specified in the
image object. Pixel sizes and image dimensions are also set according to the
values in the object.
The IDL command line or console window will display the
current lambda iteration number and the iteration within that lambda value
together with its χ2 value. It also shows the current value of btot - the
total image brightness.
Final Product
The reconstructed image is returned by o->getdata() (variable d in the example).
Beware of images that have not reached χ2 of
~1 or that have a "broken up" or "patterned" appearance. The following remedies are recommended:
If the final image has the
reduced χ2 > 1, try increasing sato_lambda_max if it was reached, and running the reconstruction again. A larger value of lnorm may speed up the reconstruction, but at the price of a broken up image. If the iterations stopped because
χ2 wasn't decreasing fast enough, or was increasing, try altering the value of sato_lnorm.
If the final image appears broken up or shows patterns, try
reducing sato_lnorm by a factor of ten and running the reconstruction again.
Upgrade Plans
Use the
Cash Statistic rather
than χ2 since it is more appropriate when the number of counts
in a time bin is very low and the Poisson probability distribution no longer
approximates to a Gaussian.
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